Characters of representations for molecular motions
Motion |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
Cartesian 3N |
144 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-3 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
Vibration |
138 |
-4 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Motion |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Cartesian 3N |
7 |
5 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
12 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
5 |
12 |
12 |
96 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Vibration |
7 |
4 |
5 |
7 |
11 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
12 |
92 |
Molecular parameter
Number of Atoms (N) |
48
|
Number of internal coordinates |
138
|
Number of independant internal coordinates |
7
|
Number of vibrational modes |
92
|
Force field analysis
Allowed / forbidden vibronational transitions
Operator |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Linear (IR) |
7 |
4 |
5 |
7 |
11 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
12 |
17 / 75 |
Quadratic (Raman) |
7 |
4 |
5 |
7 |
11 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
12 |
30 / 62 |
IR + Raman |
- - - - |
4 |
5 |
7 |
- - - - |
- - - - |
5 |
- - - - |
7 |
5 |
- - - - |
12 |
0* / 45 |
* Parity Mutual Exclusion Principle
Characters of force fields
(Symmetric powers of vibration representation)
Force field |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
linear |
138 |
-4 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
quadratic |
9.591 |
8 |
0 |
71 |
71 |
71 |
69 |
0 |
0 |
69 |
69 |
101 |
cubic |
447.580 |
-10 |
46 |
140 |
140 |
140 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
640 |
quartic |
15.777.195 |
8 |
0 |
2.555 |
2.555 |
2.555 |
2.415 |
0 |
0 |
2.415 |
2.415 |
4.815 |
quintic |
448.072.338 |
-4 |
0 |
4.970 |
4.970 |
4.970 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25.752 |
sextic |
10.679.057.389 |
25 |
1.081 |
62.125 |
62.125 |
62.125 |
57.155 |
23 |
23 |
57.155 |
57.155 |
148.291 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Column with number of nonvanshing force constants highlighted
Force field |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
linear |
7 |
4 |
5 |
7 |
11 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
11 |
12 |
quadratic |
448 |
370 |
392 |
400 |
794 |
816 |
394 |
401 |
400 |
392 |
794 |
793 |
cubic |
18.773 |
18.543 |
18.568 |
18.728 |
37.282 |
37.307 |
18.613 |
18.703 |
18.728 |
18.568 |
37.282 |
37.307 |
quartic |
659.234 |
656.149 |
656.976 |
657.576 |
1.314.554 |
1.315.381 |
657.024 |
657.554 |
657.576 |
656.976 |
1.314.554 |
1.314.576 |
quintic |
18.674.349 |
18.665.426 |
18.666.255 |
18.672.693 |
37.338.947 |
37.339.776 |
18.667.911 |
18.671.864 |
18.672.693 |
18.666.255 |
37.338.947 |
37.339.776 |
sextic |
445.009.384 |
444.926.960 |
444.946.832 |
444.969.616 |
889.916.184 |
889.936.056 |
444.948.489 |
444.968.788 |
444.969.616 |
444.946.832 |
889.916.184 |
889.917.012 |
Further Reading
- J.K.G. Watson, J. Mol. Spec. 41 229 (1972)
The Numbers of Structural Parameters and Potential Constants of Molecules
- X.F. Zhou, P. Pulay. J. Comp. Chem. 10 No. 7, 935-938 (1989)
Characters for Symmetric and Antisymmetric Higher Powers of Representations:
Application to the Number of Anharmonic Force Constants in Symmetrical Molecules
- F. Varga, L. Nemes, J.K.G. Watson. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 10 No. 7, 5043-5048 (1996)
The number of anharmonic potential constants of the fullerenes C60 and C70
Contributions to nonvanishing force field constants
pos(X) : Position of irreducible representation (irrep) X in character table of D
6h
Subtotal: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in subsection> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in subsection> / <number of irrep combinations in subsection>
Total: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in force field> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in force field> / <number of irrep combinations in force field>
Contributions to nonvanishing quadratic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..28. |
A1gA1g. | ..10. |
A2gA2g. | ..15. |
B1gB1g. | ..28. |
B2gB2g. | ..66. |
E1gE1g. | ..78. |
E2gE2g. | ..15. |
A1uA1u. | ..21. |
A2uA2u. | ..28. |
B1uB1u. | ..15. |
B2uB2u. |
..66. |
E1uE1u. | ..78. |
E2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 448 / 12 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
Subtotal: 0 / 0 / 66 |
Total: 448 / 12 / 78 |
Contributions to nonvanishing cubic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..84. |
A1gA1gA1g. | ..364. |
E2gE2gE2g. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 448 / 2 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j) (i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..792. |
E1gE1gE2g. | ..70. |
A1gA2gA2g. | ..105. |
A1gB1gB1g. | ..196. |
A1gB2gB2g. | ..462. |
A1gE1gE1g. | ..546. |
A1gE2gE2g. | ..105. |
A1gA1uA1u. | ..147. |
A1gA2uA2u. | ..196. |
A1gB1uB1u. | ..105. |
A1gB2uB2u. |
..462. |
A1gE1uE1u. | ..546. |
A1gE2uE2u. | ..220. |
A2gE1gE1g. | ..264. |
A2gE2gE2g. | ..220. |
A2gE1uE1u. | ..264. |
A2gE2uE2u. | ..792. |
E2gE1uE1u. | ..936. |
E2gE2uE2u. | | |
| |
Subtotal: 6.428 / 18 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..140. |
A2gB1gB2g. | ..120. |
A2gA1uA2u. | ..140. |
A2gB1uB2u. | ..660. |
B1gE1gE2g. | ..175. |
B1gA1uB1u. | ..150. |
B1gA2uB2u. | ..660. |
B1gE1uE2u. | ..924. |
B2gE1gE2g. | ..175. |
B2gA1uB2u. | ..294. |
B2gA2uB1u. |
..924. |
B2gE1uE2u. | ..605. |
E1gA1uE1u. | ..726. |
E1gA2uE1u. | ..924. |
E1gB1uE2u. | ..660. |
E1gB2uE2u. | ..1.452. |
E1gE1uE2u. | ..720. |
E2gA1uE2u. | ..864. |
E2gA2uE2u. | ..924. |
E2gB1uE1u. | ..660. |
E2gB2uE1u. |
Subtotal: 11.897 / 20 / 220 |
Total: 18.773 / 40 / 364 |
Contributions to nonvanishing quartic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..210. |
A1gA1gA1gA1g. | ..35. |
A2gA2gA2gA2g. | ..70. |
B1gB1gB1gB1g. | ..210. |
B2gB2gB2gB2g. | ..2.211. |
E1gE1gE1gE1g. | ..3.081. |
E2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..70. |
A1uA1uA1uA1u. | ..126. |
A2uA2uA2uA2u. | ..210. |
B1uB1uB1uB1u. | ..70. |
B2uB2uB2uB2u. |
..2.211. |
E1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..3.081. |
E2uE2uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 11.585 / 12 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,j) (i,j,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..2.548. |
A1gE2gE2gE2g. | ..1.456. |
A2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..1.430. |
B1gE1gE1gE1g. | ..2.002. |
B2gE1gE1gE1g. | ..1.820. |
A1uE2uE2uE2u. | ..2.184. |
A2uE2uE2uE2u. | ..2.002. |
B1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..1.430. |
B2uE1uE1uE1u. | | |
| |
Subtotal: 14.872 / 8 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..280. |
A1gA1gA2gA2g. | ..420. |
A1gA1gB1gB1g. | ..784. |
A1gA1gB2gB2g. | ..1.848. |
A1gA1gE1gE1g. | ..2.184. |
A1gA1gE2gE2g. | ..420. |
A1gA1gA1uA1u. | ..588. |
A1gA1gA2uA2u. | ..784. |
A1gA1gB1uB1u. | ..420. |
A1gA1gB2uB2u. | ..1.848. |
A1gA1gE1uE1u. |
..2.184. |
A1gA1gE2uE2u. | ..150. |
A2gA2gB1gB1g. | ..280. |
A2gA2gB2gB2g. | ..660. |
A2gA2gE1gE1g. | ..780. |
A2gA2gE2gE2g. | ..150. |
A2gA2gA1uA1u. | ..210. |
A2gA2gA2uA2u. | ..280. |
A2gA2gB1uB1u. | ..150. |
A2gA2gB2uB2u. | ..660. |
A2gA2gE1uE1u. |
..780. |
A2gA2gE2uE2u. | ..420. |
B1gB1gB2gB2g. | ..990. |
B1gB1gE1gE1g. | ..1.170. |
B1gB1gE2gE2g. | ..225. |
B1gB1gA1uA1u. | ..315. |
B1gB1gA2uA2u. | ..420. |
B1gB1gB1uB1u. | ..225. |
B1gB1gB2uB2u. | ..990. |
B1gB1gE1uE1u. | ..1.170. |
B1gB1gE2uE2u. |
..1.848. |
B2gB2gE1gE1g. | ..2.184. |
B2gB2gE2gE2g. | ..420. |
B2gB2gA1uA1u. | ..588. |
B2gB2gA2uA2u. | ..784. |
B2gB2gB1uB1u. | ..420. |
B2gB2gB2uB2u. | ..1.848. |
B2gB2gE1uE1u. | ..2.184. |
B2gB2gE2uE2u. | ..13.926. |
E1gE1gE2gE2g. | ..990. |
E1gE1gA1uA1u. |
..1.386. |
E1gE1gA2uA2u. | ..1.848. |
E1gE1gB1uB1u. | ..990. |
E1gE1gB2uB2u. | ..11.737. |
E1gE1gE1uE1u. | ..13.926. |
E1gE1gE2uE2u. | ..1.170. |
E2gE2gA1uA1u. | ..1.638. |
E2gE2gA2uA2u. | ..2.184. |
E2gE2gB1uB1u. | ..1.170. |
E2gE2gB2uB2u. | ..13.926. |
E2gE2gE1uE1u. |
..16.524. |
E2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..315. |
A1uA1uA2uA2u. | ..420. |
A1uA1uB1uB1u. | ..225. |
A1uA1uB2uB2u. | ..990. |
A1uA1uE1uE1u. | ..1.170. |
A1uA1uE2uE2u. | ..588. |
A2uA2uB1uB1u. | ..315. |
A2uA2uB2uB2u. | ..1.386. |
A2uA2uE1uE1u. | ..1.638. |
A2uA2uE2uE2u. |
..420. |
B1uB1uB2uB2u. | ..1.848. |
B1uB1uE1uE1u. | ..2.184. |
B1uB1uE2uE2u. | ..990. |
B2uB2uE1uE1u. | ..1.170. |
B2uB2uE2uE2u. | ..13.926. |
E1uE1uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 141.061 / 66 / 66 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,k) (i,j,j,k) (i,j,k,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..1.650. |
E1gE1gA1uA2u. | ..3.960. |
E1gE1gA1uE2u. | ..4.752. |
E1gE1gA2uE2u. | ..1.925. |
E1gE1gB1uB2u. | ..5.082. |
E1gE1gB1uE1u. | ..3.630. |
E1gE1gB2uE1u. | ..1.980. |
E2gE2gA1uA2u. | ..4.680. |
E2gE2gA1uE2u. | ..5.616. |
E2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..2.310. |
E2gE2gB1uB2u. |
..6.006. |
E2gE2gB1uE1u. | ..4.290. |
E2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..5.544. |
A1gE1gE1gE2g. | ..3.168. |
A2gE1gE1gE2g. | ..3.960. |
A1uE1uE1uE2u. | ..4.752. |
A2uE1uE1uE2u. | ..1.540. |
A1gA2gE1gE1g. | ..1.848. |
A1gA2gE2gE2g. | ..1.540. |
A1gA2gE1uE1u. | ..1.848. |
A1gA2gE2uE2u. |
..5.544. |
A1gE2gE1uE1u. | ..6.552. |
A1gE2gE2uE2u. | ..3.168. |
A2gE2gE1uE1u. | ..3.744. |
A2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..1.925. |
B1gB2gE1gE1g. | ..2.310. |
B1gB2gE2gE2g. | ..1.925. |
B1gB2gE1uE1u. | ..2.310. |
B1gB2gE2uE2u. | ..4.290. |
B1gE1gE2gE2g. | ..3.630. |
B1gE1gE1uE1u. |
..4.290. |
B1gE1gE2uE2u. | ..6.006. |
B2gE1gE2gE2g. | ..5.082. |
B2gE1gE1uE1u. | ..6.006. |
B2gE1gE2uE2u. | ..1.650. |
A1uA2uE1uE1u. | ..1.980. |
A1uA2uE2uE2u. | ..1.925. |
B1uB2uE1uE1u. | ..2.310. |
B1uB2uE2uE2u. | ..6.006. |
B1uE1uE2uE2u. | ..4.290. |
B2uE1uE2uE2u. |
Subtotal: 145.024 / 40 / 660 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k,l) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ l ≤ pos(E2u) |
..980. |
A1gA2gB1gB2g. | ..840. |
A1gA2gA1uA2u. | ..980. |
A1gA2gB1uB2u. | ..4.620. |
A1gB1gE1gE2g. | ..1.225. |
A1gB1gA1uB1u. | ..1.050. |
A1gB1gA2uB2u. | ..4.620. |
A1gB1gE1uE2u. | ..6.468. |
A1gB2gE1gE2g. | ..1.225. |
A1gB2gA1uB2u. | ..2.058. |
A1gB2gA2uB1u. |
..6.468. |
A1gB2gE1uE2u. | ..4.235. |
A1gE1gA1uE1u. | ..5.082. |
A1gE1gA2uE1u. | ..6.468. |
A1gE1gB1uE2u. | ..4.620. |
A1gE1gB2uE2u. | ..10.164. |
A1gE1gE1uE2u. | ..5.040. |
A1gE2gA1uE2u. | ..6.048. |
A1gE2gA2uE2u. | ..6.468. |
A1gE2gB1uE1u. | ..4.620. |
A1gE2gB2uE1u. |
..2.640. |
A2gB1gE1gE2g. | ..500. |
A2gB1gA1uB2u. | ..840. |
A2gB1gA2uB1u. | ..2.640. |
A2gB1gE1uE2u. | ..3.696. |
A2gB2gE1gE2g. | ..980. |
A2gB2gA1uB1u. | ..840. |
A2gB2gA2uB2u. | ..3.696. |
A2gB2gE1uE2u. | ..2.420. |
A2gE1gA1uE1u. | ..2.904. |
A2gE1gA2uE1u. |
..3.696. |
A2gE1gB1uE2u. | ..2.640. |
A2gE1gB2uE2u. | ..5.808. |
A2gE1gE1uE2u. | ..2.880. |
A2gE2gA1uE2u. | ..3.456. |
A2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..3.696. |
A2gE2gB1uE1u. | ..2.640. |
A2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..1.050. |
B1gB2gA1uA2u. | ..1.225. |
B1gB2gB1uB2u. | ..3.300. |
B1gE1gA1uE2u. |
..3.960. |
B1gE1gA2uE2u. | ..4.235. |
B1gE1gB1uE1u. | ..3.025. |
B1gE1gB2uE1u. | ..3.300. |
B1gE2gA1uE1u. | ..3.960. |
B1gE2gA2uE1u. | ..5.040. |
B1gE2gB1uE2u. | ..3.600. |
B1gE2gB2uE2u. | ..7.920. |
B1gE2gE1uE2u. | ..4.620. |
B2gE1gA1uE2u. | ..5.544. |
B2gE1gA2uE2u. |
..5.929. |
B2gE1gB1uE1u. | ..4.235. |
B2gE1gB2uE1u. | ..4.620. |
B2gE2gA1uE1u. | ..5.544. |
B2gE2gA2uE1u. | ..7.056. |
B2gE2gB1uE2u. | ..5.040. |
B2gE2gB2uE2u. | ..11.088. |
B2gE2gE1uE2u. | ..4.620. |
E1gE2gA1uB1u. | ..3.300. |
E1gE2gA1uB2u. | ..7.260. |
E1gE2gA1uE1u. |
..5.544. |
E1gE2gA2uB1u. | ..3.960. |
E1gE2gA2uB2u. | ..8.712. |
E1gE2gA2uE1u. | ..11.088. |
E1gE2gB1uE2u. | ..7.920. |
E1gE2gB2uE2u. | ..52.272. |
E1gE2gE1uE2u. | ..1.050. |
A1uA2uB1uB2u. | ..4.620. |
A1uB1uE1uE2u. | ..3.300. |
A1uB2uE1uE2u. | ..5.544. |
A2uB1uE1uE2u. |
..3.960. |
A2uB2uE1uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
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Subtotal: 346.692 / 71 / 495 |
Total: 659.234 / 197 / 1.365 |
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Last update November, 13th 2023 by A. Gelessus, Impressum, Datenschutzerklärung/DataPrivacyStatement